The input-before-output principle
Students can't speak what they haven't heard and processed. Every speaking lesson needs an input phase: listening to a dialogue, reading a model conversation, or watching a video that uses the target structures. The input gives students raw material to work with.
Plan input activities that are comprehensible and repetitive. Students need to encounter the target vocabulary and structures 5–7 times before they can use them productively.
The speaking lesson structure
Input (10 min): Listen to or read a model conversation using target structures. Comprehension check: 'What did Speaker A ask? How did Speaker B respond?'
Guided output (15 min): Students practice with sentence frames and a partner. 'Me gusta ___ porque ___.' The frame supports production while students focus on vocabulary and meaning.
Free output (15 min): Students use the target structures in a less-scaffolded task: an information gap, a role play, or a class survey. Circulate and note common errors for tomorrow's warm-up. Celebrate attempts — fluency develops through use, not perfection.
How LessonCraft supports language instruction
World language lessons in LessonCraft include input-output sequencing, sentence frames, and structured speaking activities with timing and differentiation.
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